The creation of the State of Israel in 1948 is one of the most significant and controversial events in the 20th century. The agreement that led to the founding of Israel was the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, which divided the territory of Palestine into two separate states: one for Jews and one for Arabs.

The Partition Plan was proposed by the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) in 1947 and was accepted by the Jewish leadership in Palestine, but rejected by the Arab leadership and neighboring Arab states. The plan called for an independent Jewish state covering 55% of the land and an independent Arab state covering 45%. Jerusalem was to be an internationalized city under the administration of the United Nations.

The agreement was a compromise solution to a complex problem. The Jews had been seeking a homeland in Palestine for decades, and their efforts had intensified after the Holocaust, which had decimated European Jewry. The Arabs, on the other hand, felt that they were being denied their rightful claims to the land and feared that the creation of a Jewish state would lead to the displacement of Palestinian Arabs.

Despite the opposition from the Arab side, the United Nations General Assembly voted in favor of the Partition Plan on November 29, 1947. The plan was not perfect, but it was seen as a necessary step towards resolving the conflict.

On May 14, 1948, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, declared the establishment of the State of Israel. The declaration was immediately recognized by the United States and the Soviet Union, and Israel became a member of the United Nations the following year.

The creation of Israel was a momentous event, but it also led to an ongoing conflict between Israel and the Arab world. The Arab-Israeli conflict has had far-reaching consequences for the region and the world, and it remains one of the most contentious issues in international relations today.

In conclusion, the agreement that created Israel was the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, which established the Jewish and Arab states in the territory of Palestine. While the plan was a compromise solution to a difficult problem, it has had far-reaching consequences for the Middle East and the world. The conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors remains unresolved, and the search for a lasting peace continues.